The Seebeck-Effect describes how a temperature-difference gradient causes electromotive forces in a thermoelectric device. Together with the Peltier Effect (thermocouples create temperature differences) and the Thomson Effect (Seebeck Coefficient varies with temperature) they all provide a individual interpretation of the “thermoelectric effect”.

The Seebeck Effect’s Principle

Charge carrying electrons diffuse from the hot to the cold side of a thermoelectric material due of their higher velocities and energy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric\_effect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3gnNpYK3lo